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About Aluminum
Structural components made from aluminum and
its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other
areas of transportation and structural materials. Aluminum and its alloys are
today considered one of the most practical of metals for a variety of reasons.
Aluminum is popular in the aerospace industry because of its ease of
fabrication, non-toxicity, strength, and resistance to the corrosive
atmospheres of industry and marine environments.
Aluminum Alloy
Aluminum alloys are widely used in engineering
structures and components where lightweight or corrosion resistance is
required.
The strength and durability of aluminum alloys vary widely, not only as a
result of the components of the specific alloy, but also as a result of heat
treatments and manufacturing processes.
Alloys composed mostly of the two lightweight metals aluminum and magnesium
have been very important in aerospace manufacturing.
Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys:
2024 Aluminum,
2219 Aluminum,
6061 Aluminum,
7050 Aluminum,
7075 Aluminum
2014: This
is a precipitation hardening alloy with good strength after heat treatment.
Commonly used in the manufacture of aircraft structures, and truck frames.
2219: This
is an age-hardenable copper containing alloy of aluminum. It is noted for
applications at elevated temperatures. Commonly used in the manufacture of
structural components used in high temperature applications as well as high
strength weldments.
2024: The
most common heat treatable aluminum is 2024. It is utilized where high
strength and no welding is involved. Aircraft fittings, structures, and
hardware are some of the major applications.
6061: This
possesses high strength, high resistance to corrosion, good workability, and a
wide range of mechanical properties. It is the most versatile of the heat
treatable alloys. Used where good corrosion resistance and strength are
needed, it can be found applied in areas for welded assemblies, heat
exchangers and aircraft components.
7050: This
is heat treatable so as to produce mechanical properties of high strength and
toughness. It has very good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Commonly
used in the manufacture of aircraft and other structures.
7075: This
is capable of high strength as developed by heat treating. It also has
excellent properties at low temperatures. Commonly used in the manufacture of
aircraft and other aerospace applications not requiring the corrosion
resistance of Clad 7075.
Aluminum Tube
Aluminum tubing combines many
diversified characteristics suitable for industry. Qualities such as corrosion
resistance, electrical and thermal conductivity, light weight, strength, ease
of fabrication, appearance and low cost predispose these alloys for a wide
range of applications. Aluminum has capabilities for a wide range of finishes,
and anodizing offers finishes in a variety-of iridescent colors. Because of
its extremely high ratio of strength-to-weight, aluminum is a logical choice
for construction and any product that must be lifted, moved, or flown.
Aluminum tubing is extremely popular in the aircraft industries.
Aluminum Sheet, Aluminum Plate:
2014 Grade
Temper: 2014-0, 2014-T3,
2014-T6,
2014-T351, 2014-T6510, 2014-T81, 2014-T851 Bare: AMS 4029, AMS
4028, Clad: QQ-A-250/3
2024 Grade
Temper: 2024-0, 2024-T3,
2024-T81,
2024-T351, 2024-T851 Bare: QQ-A-250/4, AMS
4035, AMS 4037, FMS 10101 Clad: QQ-A-250/5, AMS
4040, AMS 4041, BMS 7-305
2024-0 Bare Aluminum
Sheet Per AMS-QQ-A-250/4, 2024-0 Alclad Aluminum
Sheet Per AMS 4035, AMS-QQ-A-250/5, 2024-T3 Bare Aluminum
Sheet Per AMS-QQ-A-250/4, 2024-T3 Alclad Aluminum
Sheet Per AMS-QQ-A250/5, 2024-T3 Alclad MRS
Quality Aluminum Sheet Per QQ-A-250/5
2124 Grade=>
Temper: 2124-0, 2124-T351, 2124-T851, AMS 4101, AMS 4221, QQ-A-250/29 Bare: QQ-A-250/29, FMS
3002
2219 Grade
Temper: 2219-0, 2219-T31,
2219-T81,
2219-T37, 2219-T87, 2219-T351, 2219-T851 Bare: QQ-A-250/30, AMS
4031, Clad: AMS 4094, AMS
4095, AMS 4096, DMS-1719, BMS 7-110 Forging: QQ-A-367
5083 Grade=> 5083-H116 Aluminum
Plate Per ASTM-B-928
6013 Grade=> Temper: 6013-0 (Special Order Only), 6013-T4, 6013-T6 Bare: AMS 4347, AMS 4216, FMS 3061
6061 Grade
Temper: 6061-0, 6061-T4,
6061-T6,
6061-T451, 6061-T651 Bare: QQ-A-250/11, AMS
4025, AMS 4026, AMS 4027, ASTM-B-209
6061-0 Bare Aluminum
Sheet Per AMS 4025, QQ-A-250/11, 6061-T6 Bare Aluminum
Sheet Per QQ-250/11, 6061-T6 Aluminum Tube, 6061-T651 Aluminum
Round Bar Per AMS 4177, 6061-T651 Aluminum
Plate
7050 Grade=> Mainly We Stock 7050 Plates Temper: 7050-0 (Special
Order Only),
7050-T451, 7050-T7651 Bare: AMS 4050, AMS
4021, DMS-2233, BMS 7-323
7050-T7451 Aluminum
Plate Per AMS 4050 with USI BAC5439 Class A
7075 Grade
Temper: 7075-0, 7075-T6,
7075-T73,
7075-T76, 7075-T651, 7075-T7351, 7075-T7651 Bare: QQ-A-250/12,
QQ-A-250/24, AMS 4044, AMS 4055, AMS 4078
Clad: QQ-A-250/13,
QQ-A-250/25, AMS 4088, AMS 4049, BMS 7-302
7075-T6 Bare Aluminum
Sheet Per QQ-A-250/12, 7075-T6 Alclad Aluminum
Sheet Per QQ-A-250/13, 7075-T6 Alclad MRS
Quality Aluminum Sheet Per QQ-A-250/13, 7075-T651 Aluminum
Plate Per AMS 4045 with MIL-STD-2154 Class A Ultrasonic Inspection, 7075-T7351 Aluminum
Plate Per QQ-A250/12
7475 Grade=> Mainly
We Stock 7475 Plates
Temper: 7475-0, 7475-T6
(Special Order Only),
7475-T7651,
7475-T7351, 7475-T7651 Bare: AMS 4084, AMS
4085, AMS 4089, AMS 4202, DMS-2281, FMS-3304
Clad: AMS 4100, AMS
4207, DMS-2234
Aluminum Bar (Cold Finish and Extruded)
2011 Grade
Temper: 2011-T3 Per
QQ-A-225/3, AMS-QQ-A-225/3, ASTM-B-211
2014 Grade
Temper: 2014-T4, 2014-T451,
2014-T4511, 2014-T6, 2014-T651, 2014-T6511 Specification: QQ-A-250/4, QQ-A-200/2, QQ-A-367, AMS 4121, AMS 4133, AMS 4134, AMS 4153
2024 Grade
Temper: 2024-0 (Special
Order Only), 2024-T351,
2024-T3511,
2024-T851, 2024-T8511 Specification:
QQ-A-225/6, QQ-A-200/4, AMS 4330, AMS 4120
2024-T4 Cold Finish Bar
Per QQ-A-225/6, AMS-QQ-A-225/6, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4120, 2024-T351 Cold Finish
Bar Per QQ-A-225/6, AMS-QQ-A-225/6, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4120, 2024-T3511 Extruded
Bar Per QQ-A-200/3, AMS-QQ-A-200/3, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4165, 2024-T3 Extruded Bar
Per QQ-A-200/3, AMS-QQ-A-200/3, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4152, 2024-T851 Cold Finish
Bar Per QQ-A-225/6, AMS-QQ-A225/6, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4339
6061 Grade
Temper: 6061-0 (Special Order Only), 6061-T6,
6061-T651, 6061-T6511
Specification: QQ-A-225/8, QQ-A-200/8, AMS 4166, AMS 4177, AMS 4127, AMS 4128,
AMS 4146, AMS 4160, AMS 4161, AMS 4172, AMS 4173
6061-T6 Cold Finish Bar Per QQ-A-225/8, AMS-QQ-A-225/8, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4117,
6061-T651 Cold Finish Bar Per QQ-A-225/8, AMS-QQ-A-225/8, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4117,
6061-T6 Extruded Bar Per QQ-A-200/8, AMS-QQ-A-200/8, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4150,
6061-T6511 Extruded Bar Per QQ-A-200/8, AMS-QQ-A-220/8, ASTM-B-221, AMS 4173
7050 Grade
Temper: 7050-T74511,
7050-T73511, 7050-T76511, Specification: AMS
4340, AMS 4341, AMS 4342
7075 Grade
Temper: 7075-0 (Special
Order Only), 7075-T6, 7075-T651, 7075-T6511, 7075-T73, 7075-T7351, 7075-T73511
Specification: QQ-A-225/9, QQ-A-200/11, AMS 4123, AMS 4124, AMS 4154, AMS 4166, AMS 4167, AMS 4168, AMS
4169, AMS 4186, AMS 4187
7075-T651 Cold Finish
Bar Per QQ-A-225/9, AMS-QQ-A-225/9, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4123, 7075-T6511 Extruded
Bar Per QQ-A-200/11, AMS-QQ-A-200/11, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4169, 7075-T6 Extruded Bar
Per QQ-A-200/11, AMS-QQ-A-200/11, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4154, 7075-T73 Cold Finish
Bar Per QQ-A-225/9, AMS-QQ-A-225/9, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4122, 7075-T7351 Cold Finish
Bar Per QQ-A-225/9, AMS-QQ-A-225/9, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4124, 7075-T73511 Extruded
Bar Per QQ-A-200/11, AMS-QQ-A-200/11, ASTM-B-211, AMS 4167
Aluminum Tube
2024-T3
Aluminum Tube
Per WW-T-700/3,
6061-T6
Aluminum Tube,
7075-T6
Aluminum Tube
Per WW-T-700/7
Other Aluminum Alloys
1100-0, 1100-H14 Grade: AMS 4001, AMS 4003, QQ-A-250/1,
2011-T3 Grade: QQ-A-225/3, 3003-0, 3003-H14 Grade: AMS 4006, AMS 4008, QQ-A-250/2
5052-0, 5052-H32,
5052-H34 Grade: AMS 4015, AMS 4016, AMS 4017, QQ-A-250/8, 5083-H116 Grade: QQ-A-250/7, QQ-A-200/5,
5454-H32, 5454-H34
Grade: QQ-A-200/6, 6063-T52, 6063-T6
Grade: QQ-A-200/9, 6262-T52, 6262-T6
Grade: QQ-A-200/10
Typical Properties for Aluminum
|
Property |
Value |
|
Atomic
Number |
13 |
|
Atomic
Weight (g/mol) |
26.98 |
|
Valency |
3 |
|
Crystal
Structure |
Face
centered cubic |
|
Melting
Point ( Degrees C) |
660.2 |
|
Boiling
Point ( Degrees C) |
2480 |
|
Mean
Specific Heat (0-100 Degrees C) (cal/g. Degrees C) |
0.219 |
|
Thermal
Conductivity (0-100 Degrees C) (cal/cms. Degrees C) |
0.57 |
|
Co-Efficient of Linear Expansion (0-100 Degrees C) (x10-6/
Degrees C) |
23.5 |
|
Electrical Resistivity at 20 Degrees C (µΩcm) |
2.69 |
|
Density
(g/cm3) |
2.6898 |
|
Modulus
of Elasticity (GPa) |
68.3 |
|
Poissons
Ratio |
0.34 |
Major Alloying Element
and Its Effect on Aluminum
● 1000's - Aluminum 99% min. - excellent corrosion resistance, high thermal
and electrical conductivity, low mechanical properties
● 2000's - Copper - high mechanical properties, increased yield strength, best
known and most widely used aircraft alloy
● 3000's - Manganese - good workability and weldability, high corrosion
resistance, moderate strength
● 4000's - Silicon - low melting point, widely used in welding wire and as a
brazing alloy 5000's - Magnesium - moderate to high strength, good welding
characteristics, good resistance to corrosion, especially in marine
environments
● 6000's - Magnesium/Silicon - good formability and corrosion resistance,
moderate strength
● 7000's - Zinc - highest strength alloy available, used in air-frame
structures and for highly stressed parts 8000's - Other element
Aluminum Association Alloy Designation System
● 1st digit - Identifies alloy types.
● 2nd digit - Identifies alloy modifications. Digit replaces letters formerly
used.
● 3rd and 4th digits - Identifies the aluminum purity of the specific aluminum
alloy.
● The digits are the same as the numbers in the old designations for alloys in
use prior to the adoption of the four-digit system.
Temper Designations H-Tempers: Strain-Hardened
● H1 - strain-hardened only.
● H2 - strain-hardened and partially annealed.
● H3 - strain-hardened and stabilized by low-temperature thermal treatment.
● The digit following H1, H2, or H3 indicates the temper:
● 2 1/4Hard
● 4 1/2 Hard
● 6 3/4 Hard
● 8 Full Hard
● 9 Extra Hard
T-Tempers: Heat-Treated
● T1 - cooled from an elevated temperature shaping process and naturally aged
to a substantially stable condition
● T2 - annealed (cast products only)
● T3 - solution heat-treated and then cold worked
● T4 - solution heat-treated and naturally aged to a substantially stable
condition
● T5 - cooled from an elevated temperature shaping process and then
artificially aged
● T6 - solution heat-treated and then artificially aged
● T7 - solution heat-treated and then stabilized
● T8 - solution heat-treated, cold worked, and then artificially aged
● T9 - solution heat-treated, artificially aged, and then cold worked
● T10 - cooled from an elevated temperature shaping process, artificially aged
and then cold worked
● Additional digits for T tempers include the following:
● T51- stress relieved by stretching
● T510- receives no further straightening after stretching
● T511- receives minor straightening after stretching to comply with standard
tolerances
● T52 - stress relieved by compressing
● T54 - stress relieved by combined stretching and compressing
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